Summer is Over – Projects Done and Undone

Well, it’s back to school tomorrow and, like each summer, I didn’t accomplish nearly as much as I had hoped, but probably accomplished more than I should have expected.

I had a chance to meet and network with a number of physics teachers in the area, making some new friends in the process.  I spent quality time with my daughter, including a trip to Sesame Place outside of Philadelphia, a family reunion at my folks’ riverhouse, and quite a few fun days at the zoo.  I taught a few classes at RIT, worked with Rochester City School District teachers on developing and training in Problem-Based Learning (PBL), and even found a few spare moments to read purely for entertainment!

One of my major goals this summer was to get a good start on the “Honors Physics” book. Last spring when APlusPhysics: Your Guide to Regents Physics Essentials came out, I received lots of great feedback, especially from students, but also heard from a number of physics teachers in other states asking about a version of the text that wasn’t limited to the NY Regents curriculum, but was generalized for a typical Honors Physics class.

Initially I had planned this follow-on book to be a guidebook for the AP-1 program when the AP-B course was split, but after several years of fuzzy timelines and fuzzier details, I decided to start on the physics review book I had initially wanted to write. Taking input from those who were kind enough to give me feedback, as well as targeting the book as a rough attempt at hitting the AP-1 targets with what tentative details I could scrounge from the powers that be, I finished my outline up in the spring.

What I found, however, was that this undertaking was considerably slower than the Regents review book. Why, you might ask? Well, to begin with, the Regents Physics curriculum is a “minimum” aptitude test, in my opinion, which makes it fairly shallow. Further, the test is well established and in the public domain, providing oodles and oodles of questions to pull from, both for tailoring of instruction, as well as for inclusion of examples. Finally, after having taught 10 Regents Physics sections in the past three years, I don’t think it would be a stretch to state that I could recite the curriculum in my sleep.

Migrating to the new book, I have the distinct advantage of starting with the baseline material from Regents Physics Essentials. However, the outline I’ve written significantly expands the scope of the course, with the goal of providing Honors Physics instructors the ability to pick and choose chapters and sections to fit their courses. This has led to many, many hours scouring the Internet for state and district standards both near and far; discussions with physics teachers across the country about what they want from such a book, what they don’t, and some hard decisions about what compromises and cuts have to be made to provide a resource that will be of the greatest value to the greatest number, while maintaining my personal goals for the book as well as keeping the page count in check so as to maintain an acceptable price point. Of course, I’d love to keep everything, but the problem with a 700-page review book is three-fold: first, the cost becomes prohibitive; second, students won’t read it; and third, that’s starting to move into textbook territory, and there are already many terrific physics texts available for this level.

But, I’m proud to state that the first draft of the review book is coming along fine, with more than 200 pages in fairly strong shape.  I’ve been spending a lot of time working on rotational motion, attempting to streamline basic concepts such as rotational kinematics and torque in a way that follows logically and highlights the parallels of translational motion, without getting bogged down in confusing terminology and unnecessary depth.  This should nearly complete the mechanics section of the text.

I’ve also done initial work on some of the additional chapters, such as fluid mechanics, thermal physics, semiconductors, and cosmology.  Besides initial outlines and some basic illustrations, I’ve been especially focused on the semiconductor chapter… not many introductory courses go into semiconductors, and I’m thrilled at the opportunity and challenge of providing basic semiconductor physics review at this level, consistent with the work I was involved in a few years ago developing the Semiconductor Technology Enrichment Program (STEP) with Rochester Institute of Technology’s Microelectronic Engineering Department.

So, as school starts up again, progress in the writing department will, of necessity, slow down.  I’m excited to meet this year’s class of students, jump into Skills-Based Grading (SBG) for the first time, utilize a number of short videos for concept review, increase the amount of inquiry in my classroom, reduce the amount of lecture time, learn more about physics modeling, and on and on and on.  But I’m setting aside specific time each morning to keep working on the book project, and I continue to value whatever input and guidance you can provide in this endeavor.  And, of course, the APlusPhysics.com website continues to grow — tutorials, videos, projects, forums, and blogs are all ongoing projects!

Thanks for the continued support, and best wishes to you on an amazing 2011-2012 school year!

Regents Physics #SBG Objectives 2011-2012 #sbar #physicsed

Been hammering out our Skills-Based Grading (SBG) objectives for Regents Physics for the coming school year, pulling from the tremendous efforts already in place and utilized by folks such as Frank Noschese, Kelly O’Shea, and others, as well as our state and district standards.  In defining these, we were conflicted about how detailed and specific to make our goals, providing students more concrete feedback on their objectives, compared to more general objectives that allow for more interpretation and generalization of the “big picture” concepts.

businessman_good_pointing_lg_wht Eventually, we settled on a fairly specific list of concrete objectives in an effort to provide students specific information on what they need to do well on the end-of-year state culminating exam.  These are absolute minimum baseline standards, provided with the strong understanding that these baseline objectives will be augmented throughout the year as we teach significantly above and beyond the state minimums.  For example, our current list of magnetism objectives is quite limited, and will most certainly grow in individual classrooms as all our physics classes spend significantly more time on electromagnetic induction than is required to meet the state minimums.

With this large number of objectives, assessment and feedback could become quite involved, which is where our implementation of Gravic Remark OMR will be of tremendous benefit in streamlining assessment on a specific type of standardized exam.  Of course, we’ll still have our hands full with more authentic assessments, student-initiated assessments, labs, activities, etc., but it’s a start, and of course, we can always adjust as the year progresses.

Here’s our first pass rough draft:

Math Review

 

  • MAT.A1 I understand and can estimate basic SI units
  • MAT.A2 I can convert basic SI units using common metric prefixes
  • MAT.A3 I can convert compound SI units
  • MAT.B1 I know the difference between scalar and vector quantities
  • MAT.B2 I can use scaled diagrams to represent and manipulate vector quantities
  • MAT.B3 I can determine x- and y-components of two-dimensional vectors
  • MAT.B4 I can determine the angle of a vector given its components
  • MAT.C1 I can draw accurate graphs and solve for the slope and y-intercept
  • MAT.C2 I can recognize linear and direct relationships and interpret the slope of a curve
  • MAT.C3 I can recognize quadratic and inverse relationships
  • MAT.D1 I can solve algebraic equations symbolically and numerically
  • MAT.D2 I can utilize the Pythagorean Theorem to solve problems involving right triangles
  • MAT.D3 I can utilize basic trigonometric identities to solve for sides and angles of right triangles
  • MAT.E1 I can use my calculator to solve algebraic equations with exponents
  • MAT.E2 I can use scientific notation and significant figures effectively

General Skills

 

  • GEN.A1 I can design a reliable experiment that tests a hypothesis, investigates a phenomenon, or solves a problem
  • GEN.A2 I can communicate the details of an experiment clearly and completely with a formal lab report
  • GEN.A3 I can record, analyze, and represent data in a meaningful way
  • GEN.A4 I can identify sources of uncertainty and error
  • GEN.B1 I can solve problems using the FSA format
  • GEN.C1 I can properly utilize a metric ruler, meter stick, protractor, mass balance and stopwatch
  • GEN.D1 I can use writing to clearly and constructively communicate my thoughts to others using proper grammar, spelling, organization, and punctuation
  • GEN.D2 I can use technology effectively and appropriately to further my learning
  • GEN.D3 I can engage in constructive and responsible discourse in both small and large group environments

Constant Velocity Motion

 

  • VEL.A1 I know the difference between position, distance and displacement
  • VEL.A2 I can calculate both distance and displacement
  • VEL.B1 I know the difference between average speed and velocity, and instantaneous speed and  velocity
  • VEL.B2 I can solve problems involving average speed and velocity, and instantaneous speed and velocity
  • VEL.C1 I can interpret/draw motion diagrams for objects moving at constant velocity
  • VEL.C2 I can interpret/draw d-t and v-t graphs for objects moving at constant velocity

Constant Acceleration Motion

 

  • ACC.A1 I can define acceleration and I know the difference between acceleration and velocity
  • ACC.A2 I can calculate acceleration with both direction and proper units
  • ACC.B1 I can interpret/draw motion diagrams for objects moving with changing velocity
  • ACC.B2 I can interpret/draw d-t, v-t, and a-t graphs for objects moving with changing velocity
  • ACC.C1 I can use kinematic equations to solve problems involving objects with changing velocity
  • ACC.C2 I can use kinematic equations to solve problems involving objects in free fall
  • ACC.D1 I understand that the vertical and horizontal motions of a projectile are independent of one another
  • ACC.D2 I can solve problems involving projectile motion for projectiles fired horizontally
  • ACC.D3 I can solve problems involving projectile motion for projectiles fired at an angle

Dynamics

 

  • DYN.A1 I understand Newton’s 1st Law of Motion and can define mass and inertia
  • DYN.B1 I know the relationship between acceleration, force, and mass (N2)
  • DYN.B2 I can draw a properly labeled free body diagram showing all forces acting on an object
  • DYN.B3 I understand the relationship between the weight and mass of an object.
  • DYN.B4 I can determine unknown forces, accelerations, etc.
  • DYN.C1 I understand the meaning of Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion
  • DYN.C2 I can recognize and identify force pairs
  • DYN.D1 I can define and identify frictional forces
  • DYN.D2 I know the factors that determine the amount of static/kinetic friction between two surfaces
  • DYN.D3 I can determine the frictional force and coefficient of friction between two surfaces
  • DYN.E1 I can calculate the parallel and perpendicular components of an object’s weight to solve ramp problems

UCM & Gravity

 

  • UCM.A1 I can explain and calculate the acceleration of an object moving in a circle at a constant speed
  • UCM.A2 I can define centripetal force and recognize that it is provided by forces such as tension, gravity, and friction
  • UCM.A3 I can solve problems involving calculation of centripetal force
  • UCM.A4 I can calculate the speed, period, frequency, and distance traveled for an object moving in a circle at constant speed
  • UCM.B1 I can state and apply Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
  • UCM.B2 I know how mass and separation distance affects the strength of the gravitational force between two objects

Momentum and Impulse

 

  • MOM.A1 I can define and calculate the momentum of an object
  • MOM.A2 I can determine the impulse given to an object
  • MOM.A3 I can use impulse to solve a variety of problems
  • MOM.A4 I can interpret and use F vs t graphs
  • MOM.B1 I can apply conservation of momentum using momentum tables to solve a variety of problems
  • MOM.C1 I can distinguish between elastic and inelastic collisions

Work, Energy, and Power

 

  • WEP.A1 I can define and calculate the work done by a force
  • WEP.A2 I can calculate the kinetic energy of a moving object
  • WEP.A3 I can calculate the gravitational potential energy of an object
  • WEP.B1 I can solve problems using the law of conservation of energy
  • WEP.B2 I can solve problems using the work-energy theorem
  • WEP.C1 I can calculate the power of a system
  • WEP.D1 I can utilize Hooke’s Law to determine the elastic force on an object
  • WEP.D2 I can calculate a system’s elastic potential energy

Electrostatics

 

  • ELE.A1 I understand and can calculate the charge on an object
  • ELE.A2 I can describe the differences between conductors and insulators
  • ELE.A3 I can explain the difference between conduction and induction
  • ELE.A4 I understand how an electroscope works
  • ELE.A5 I can use the law of conservation of charge to solve problems
  • ELE.B1 I can use Coulomb’s Law to solve problems related to electrical force
  • ELE.B2 I can compare and contrast Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation with Coulomb’s Law
  • ELE.C1 I can define, measure, and calculate an electric field
  • ELE.C2 I can solve problems related to charge, electric field, and forces
  • ELE.D1 I can define and calculate electric potential energy
  • ELE.D2 I can define and calculate electric potential difference (voltage)
  • ELE.D3 I can solve basic parallel-plate capacitor problems

Circuits

 

  • CIR.A1 I can define and calculate an electric current
  • CIR.A2 I can define and calculate resistance using Ohm’s Law
  • CIR.A3 I can explain the factors and calculate the resistance of a conductor
  • CIR.B1 I can identify the path and direction of current flow in a circuit
  • CIR.B2 I can draw and interpret schematic diagrams of circuits
  • CIR.B3 I can use voltmeters and ammeters effectively
  • CIR.C1 I can calculate the equivalent resistance for resistors in series
  • CIR.C2 I can solve series circuits problems using VIRP tables
  • CIR.D1 I can calculate the equivalent resistance for resistors in parallel
  • CIR.D2 I can solve parallel circuit problems using VIRP tables
  • CIR.E1 I can define power in electric circuits
  • CIR.E2 I can calculate power and energy used in circuits

Magnetism

 

  • MAG.A1 I understand that magnetism is caused by moving charges
  • MAG.A2 I can describe the magnetic poles and interactions between magnets
  • MAG.A3 I can draw magnetic field lines for a magnet
  • MAG.B1 I can describe the factors affecting an induced potential difference due to magnetic fields lines interacting with moving charges

Waves

 

  • WAV.A1 I can define a pulse and a wave
  • WAV.A2 I understand the difference between a mechanical and an EM wave
  • WAV.A3 I understand the difference between a longitudinal and transverse wave
  • WAV.A4 I understand the relationship between wave characteristics such as frequency, period, amplitude, wavelength, and velocity
  • WAV.B1 I can utilize the superposition principle to analyze constructive and destructive wave interference
  • WAV.B2 I understand and can predict the result of the Doppler Effect
  • WAV.B3 I can recognize standing waves and explain nodes, antinodes, and resonance
  • WAV.C1 I can apply the law of reflection to plane surfaces
  • WAV.C2 I can explain the cause and result of refraction of waves
  • WAV.C3 I can utilize Snell’s Law to solve problems involving wave refraction
  • WAV.D1 I understand the principle of diffraction and can identify its effects qualitatively
  • WAV.E1 I recognize characteristics of EM waves and can determine the type of EM wave based on its characteristics

Modern Physics

 

  • MOD.A1 I can explain the wave-particle duality of light
  • MOD.A2 I can calculate the energy of a photon from its wave characteristics
  • MOD.A3 I can calculate the energy of an absorbed or emitted photon from an energy level diagram
  • MOD.A4 I can explain the quantum nature of atomic energy levels
  • MOD.A5 I can explain the Rutherford and Bohr models of the atom
  • MOD.B1 I can explain the universal conservation laws (mass-energy, charge, momentum)
  • MOD.B2 I recognize the fundamental source of all energy in the universe is the conversion of mass into energy
  • MOD.B3 I understand the mass-energy equivalence equation (E=mc^2)
  • MOD.C1 I can explain how the nucleus is a conglomeration of quarks which combine to form protons and neutrons
  • MOD.C2 I understand that each elementary particle has a corresponding anti-particle
  • MOD.C3 I can use the Standard Model diagrams to answer basic particle physics questions
  • MOD.D1 I can define the known fundamental forces in the universe and can rank them in order of relative strength

Streamline SBG Feedback with Gravic Remark OMR #sbar #edtech #physicsed

I’m going to try out Skills Based Grading (SBG) next year in my Regents Physics courses.  I’ve talked to lots of teachers using it, read Marzano’s “Formative Assessment and Standards-Based Grading: Classroom Strategies That Work,”image  many terrific blogs, tweets, etc., and I’m convinced that providing students quick and detailed feedback on exactly how they’re doing with respect to course standards will benefit us all.

But I’m also worried.  Worried about the hiccups, the unknowns, the corners I may drive myself into.  Worried about tracking, about keeping up, about consistency.  And I’m worried about my ability to provide and record all the detailed feedback necessary.

Without a doubt I’ve been one of the hardest-working teachers in the building… I’m usually in my room by 6:30 a.m., most afternoons I don’t leave until 4:30 or 5 p.m., one night a week I often spend working until 8 to 10 p.m., and I come in for half a day or so on weekends fairly regularly.

imageI enjoy what I do, and I don’t mind the time commitment.  But I don’t want it to increase, especially with a family at home that I adore (and my daughter now believes watching baseball with Daddy is more fun than Mickey Mouse Clubhouse!!!).   So I can’t allow SBG to take any more time from me during the school year.  But how do I provide 100+ students with detailed, by-skill feedback on the larger standardized-type assessments, with multiple reassessment opportunities?  (Yes, I know about the standardized assessments, but here in NY emphasis is being heightened on standardized testing, including up to 40% of a teacher’s performance evaluation).

I spent several months researching this problem, with potential solutions ranging from a multitude of “punch-out”-type answer keys for individual assessments, all the way to having students do multiple self-assessments and exam breakdowns.  Of course, the personalized assessments that pervade the SBG mentality still apply, but for larger standardized assessments, including mid-terms and end-of-year practice exams and final exams, spending day after day grading the same exam across multiple skills just doesn’t make sense.

Finally, with the help of some terrific support folks at Gravic, I decided to try out Gravic Remark OMR.image   Remark OMR is a software package that allows you to scan multiple choice bubble sheets in a standard sheet-fed scanner, and evaluate them against an answer key which can break down questions into individual skill scores.  Further, with multiple exams and versions of exams, you can bar code the exam answer sheets against the answer key to help prevent mis-scoring.

The software package comes with a built-in analysis package which makes breaking down scores by class, individual skills, demographics, or any other student input quick and easy.

Setup of answer keys is fairly straightforward — you can make your answer keys in Word or any PDF creation system, and print them out on a standard copier.

image

The downside – Remark OMR is expensive.  A single-use installation license runs $995, and support is free for only 30 days.  Getting up and running with the software takes a little bit of tinkering, but within a few days you can be creating exams, scoring keys, and grading 50+ MC question sets across 100 students in 10-15 minutes.

I wouldn’t recommend it for all courses, but in a course where standardized testing is emphasized, and you want to provide many students detailed score breakdowns on a repeated basis across many multi-skill assessments, Remark OMR has terrific potential.  I used it as part of our Regents Exam review process this year… we gave the students old Regents Exams, and scored them using Remark OMR, providing each student detailed feedback on areas of strength and weakness.  Then, students developed an individualized action plan to work on their greatest opportunities of improvement independently using each other, review books, course notes, and the APlusPhysics physics tutorials before sitting down for a reassessment.

This process was repeated several times, and student feedback has been tremendous – they love how their review work is tied directly to their performance, they appreciate being able to track their improvement as we get ready for their culminating exam, and they particularly love the immediate feedback facilitated by the quick scanning and scoring process.